Kermanshah Refinery matters in the Hormuz Graph because it places downstream oil infrastructure inside Iran’s western border economy, close to Iraq-facing trade routes, provincial fuel demand, and Kermanshah’s industrial-service base. Its role connects refined-product supply, road freight, technical maintenance, industrial labor, and energy security for western Iran. Unlike coastal refineries, its value is tied to inland distribution and border-province resilience, making it relevant for understanding how fuel, materials, and service networks support commerce between Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Iraq-linked corridors.